Part 2: principles of active learning

This tutorial focuses on the latest advances in the full duplex Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology, detailing its enabling features for beyond 5G wireless systems and overviewing the available hardware prototypes. The evolution of full duplex radios, from their initial proof of concept till their recent partial consideration in 3GPP Release 17 via the integrated access and backhaul paradigm, will be discussed together with the various emerging simultaneous transmit and receive applications, which can boost the physical-layer performance, while enabling channel sensing and localization. The key architectural components of the latest FD MIMO systems, their underlying mixed analog and digital optimization approaches, and their recent applications for simultaneous data communication and channel estimation, direction-aided beam alignment and localization, and integrated sensing and communication will be presented. Moreover, the latest considerations of FD MIMO radios with metasurface-based antenna panels, wideband channels, machine learning, and up to THz frequencies will be overviewed. The tutorial will be concluded with a detailed discussion on novel perspectives and future directions for FD MIMO radios in 6G wireless systems.